A Womans Struggle Captured in The Yellow Wallpaper

A Womans Struggle Captured in The Yellow Wallpaper Pregnancy and childbirth are very emotional times in a womans life and many women suffer from the baby blues. The innocent nickname for postpartum depression is deceptive because it down plays the severity of this condition. Although she was not formally diagnosed with postpartum depression, Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860-1935) developed a severe depression after the birth of her only child (Kennedy et. al. 424). Unfortunately, she was treated by Dr. S. Weir Mitchell, who forbade her to write and prescribed only bed rest and quiet for recovery (Kennedy et al. 424). Her condition only worsened and ultimately resulted in divorce (Kennedy and Gioia†¦show more content†¦Johns actions can easily be interpreted with the same malice. The narrators insistence that John is a caring and loving husband draws special attention to the true meanings behind his words and actions. Would a man deeply concerned for his wifes mental state constantly leave her alone to tend after patients with serious conditions (Kennedy et al. 426)? Any time John speaks to his wife, he uses the third person voice or refers to her as little girl or some other term of endearment (Kennedy and Gioia 430,431). He never uses her name, therefore he never really recognizes her as a person nor an equal. This dialog can easily be compares to one between a parent and his child. Because the room was an old nursery this idea is strongly enforced. Hance, there is no oddity in the fact that the narrator comes to think of herself as a child (Twentieth 111). She comments on the fact that the children tore the wallpaper and later admits to doing it herself (Kennedy et al. 426,428). Her regression is also demonstrated by her comparison of her present room with the bedroom of her childhood (Kennedy and Gioia 427,428). The underlying theme of womans rights emanates from every part of The Yellow Wallpaper. In an essay by Elaine R. Hedges, she points out how the wallpaper symbolized the gross lack of women rights (Short 119). The yellow smooches that Jennie finds on the clothes of theShow MoreRelated`` The Yellow Wallpaper `` And `` It s A Girl ``1651 Words   |  7 PagesPerkins Gilmans, who wrote â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† to challenge the ideals of society and their treatment towards women. Gilman, faced with the discriminatory and prejudiced challenges of her gender, her childhood shadowed and pelted on with poverty, and her mind plagued with the constant, deafening humming of nervous postpartum depression, unambiguously determined that she was going to raise her voice against constant chattering of chauvinist values. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a direct echo of Gilman’sRead More The Subjugation of Women in The Yellow Wallpaper2519 Words   |  11 PagesThe Subjugation of Women in The Yellow Wall Paper  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      In the nineteenth century, women in literature were often portrayed as submissive to men. Literature of the period often characterized women as oppressed by society, as well as by the male influences in their lives. The Yellow Wallpaper presents the tragic story of a womans descent into depression and madness. Gilman once wrote Womens subordination will only end when women lead the struggle for their own autonomy, therebyRead MoreEssay on Fall of Asclepius95354 Words   |  382 Pagessurvivors will rise up to eliminate this infection of our world, our people. I will fight for you. Thomas held the light up and stared into the dancing yellow flame. Ashes to ashes... Dust to dust. The clouds started to gather again. The wind was fast, causing the clouds to collect in the sky at a fast rate. Thomas pressed the yellow flame against a small trail of gas that led away from the pile. The fire spread until reaching the pile. The flames spread across the bodies until the entire

What I Am A Visual Learner - 1648 Words

I know that I am a Visual Learner, and everything I learn is through what I see. I learned that I am able to learn through different teaching styles and still learn the necessary information that is being given. Most people can relate to being a visual learner as it helps to see the information and retain it as well. Another type of common learning style is bodily kinesthetic which I feel I also learn well from as well. Auditory learners retain new information best by hearing it. They to read out loud and will listen to a lecture rather than reading the text. They prefer the speaking on the phone than face-to-face conversation. They are easily distracted by noises. Auditory learners are not able to color coordinate their clothes, but they can explain what they are wearing and why. Kinesthetic learning involves the need for a student to touch and feel in their surroundings in order to retain information. People who are kinesthetic learning often become distracted and cannot focus due to their needs for more instruction and get their hands on items relating to the material. Kinesthetic learning is also known as tactile learning. The three major learning styles among others is known as multiple intelligence, by Howard Gardner. Research shows that measuring intelligence in this way involves using the characteristics of the learning styles in order to come to understand in which areas learners may be skilled in. For example, visual people have theShow MoreRelatedPersonal Learning Style894 Words   |  4 Pages I recently researched the four main learning styles, which helped me to determine which of the four I thought I was best matched with. These four learning styles are: visual learning, auditory or linguistic learning, reading/writing-preference learning, and kinesthetic. Visual learners like to see what they are being taught, such as looking at an over-head projection. Auditory learners like listening to lectures and discussions. Reading and writing learners prefer to read textbooksRead MoreWhy College Is Important791 Words   |  4 Pagesit would be an advantage or choosing between an associate’s degree and bachelor’s degree. I for one am seeking a Psychology Bachelor’s Degree so it will open up opportunities for a successful career and a higher paying salary. Continuing to further my education is not only going to be a personal achievement but also a stepping stone in my path to get my master’s and doctorate degree. During the time that I attend my college courses it will help with my cognitive development and get a better understandingRead MoreA Personal Reflection of the Visual Learner1198 Words   |  5 PagesA Personal Reflection of the Visual Learner: Self-Assessment and Reflection Paper. Vivian Hamilton August 16, 2014 Professor: Jon Vernon Com/516 Personal Learning Style â€Å"Vision is the art of seeing the invisible† quoted by Johnathan Swift. I am a visual thinker. This learning style is personal to me because not only do I process given information visually I perceive everything as a visual learner. The ability to gain knowledge from information that is observed and not â€Å"read† in the conventionalRead MoreLearning Styles And What Works Best. . Do You Ever Wonder1257 Words   |  6 PagesStyles and What Works Best Do you ever wonder why you sometimes do better in some classes and not others? Well, I have the answer to that. Learning Styles..! Yes, as individuals we process information differently. Some people may be well balanced out when having to intake new information, but others may need more details or pictures to comprehend the concept that they are trying to learn. The different learning styles arrange into four categorizes; Active vs. Reflective learners, Sensing vsRead MoreI Am A Visual Learner1124 Words   |  5 PagesI have known for quite some time that I am a visual learner. It is much easier for me to grasp a concept if I am shown how to do something by demonstration rather than reading instructions. I become very frustrated rather quickly if I have to rely solely on written instructions. When I become frustrated, I tend to be easily distracted and focusing becomes an issue. How people take in information and the decisions they make or conclusions they come to about that information is their learning styleRead MoreHow Learning Style Affects Our Learning973 Words   |  4 Pagesfind out what our learning style is and how to that learning style affects our learning. There are four types of learner: visual, auditory, tactile, and kinesthetic. Each of these types of learners has their own way of learning and thinking. Thinking is part of the learning process and there are two types: global and analytic. To find out what type of learner and thinker you are, you first must take three learning style tests. In this paper, I will discuss what type of learner and thinker, I am, my thoughtsRead MoreHow Learning Styles Can Improve A Persons Way Of Learning1507 Words   |  7 Pagesessay, I will be discussing how learning styles are implemented in our memory to help us later recognize information that we had processed through specific styles of learning. Through d ifferent online tests that I have recently taken, I will explain how different learning styles such as visual, auditory, and tactile learning can help improve a person’s way of remembering subjects, also defined as memory. Not long ago, I took two different types of learning style tests. The first test that I took wasRead MoreMy Self As A Learner Essay1403 Words   |  6 Pages MY SELF AS A LEARNER Kyle R. Pace Bellevue University â€Æ' Abstract The importance of knowing yourself as a learner is to know your strengths and areas you can improve. After taking the MBTI assessment, I found out that I am an ISFJ personality. ISFJ personality stands for Introverted, Sensing, Feeling, and Judging. I always thought I was a tactile learner, however after taking the (What s Your Learning Style? 20 Questions) assessment, I found out that I am a visual learner. It’s also goodRead MoreEssay about Learning Styles1231 Words   |  5 Pagestry and discover which is my best and worst way to learn and then to come up with a strategy for improving my ability to learn. The first thing that I need to do is research what different learning styles there is, after I have done this I can determine what are my preferred learning styles. Types of Learning Styles   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After doing some research I have discovered that there are four main ways of learning. For each of these four ways there is a continuum, this continuum determines which particularRead MoreLearning Styles Essay922 Words   |  4 PagesThrough studies of learning styles I have been able to decipher my learning types. I am a visual learner, have an integrated brain, meaning I use both hemispheres, and ranked highest in bodily-kinesthetic and logic-mathematical intelligence. There are three types of learning styles. They are: auditory, visual and kinesthetic. An auditory learner processes information by hearing and discussing the information. Visual learners process information through visuals such as charts, pictures, and other

Advantages and Disadvantages of Accounting information systems (AIS) Free Essays

string(34) " to damage another individual’\." Introduction Accounting information systems (AIS) have experienced vast changes in several decades, improving from paper-based journals and ledgers to completely automated, paperless systems. However, the migration from paper to computer has its risks to the company. It contains the confidential information which becomes compromised if it is unprotected. We will write a custom essay sample on Advantages and Disadvantages of Accounting information systems (AIS) or any similar topic only for you Order Now The unauthorized use of the accounting system can be misused and involved in risking loss of the information, disastrous and bad data input. Security of accounting systems is a priority in many companies. In recent decades, the changing environment has posed a threat to the company. As a system accountant of a large established UK based Retail Company specialising in the sale of household electrical appliances, it is necessary to consider the risks and the security threats that the company would face in today’s business environment. According to Tony Boczko, risk is related to the likelihood of loss, the probability of mischance and the possibility of hazard or harm. Moreover, risk can be defined in several ways such as the chance of bad consequences, the exposure to mischance and the probability of loss. These risks and threats can lead an undesirable impact on both the present and future of the company’s financial activities and stability. Type and nature of both the risks and the security threats Nature of risk The nature and source of the risks can be distinguished into two primary sources of risk which can be categorized as the event/activity-based risk and resource/asset-based risk. By referring to Tony Boczko 2007 (pp. 681), he mentioned that event/activity-based risk is defined as the risk which is associated with the particular event/ activity or the group of activities/ events. The resource/ asset- based risk is the subsidiary primary source which can be defined as the risk which is associated with the possession and use of the resource/ asset or the group of recources/ assets. In addition, Tony Boczko 2007(pp. 681) mentioned that the source of risk can be categorized into four associated secondary sources of risks such as authorized internal employee and external agent-based risk, unauthorized persons-based risk and nature-based risk. The case of the authorized internal employee/ external agent-based risk is the possible loss which can be resulted from the unintentional or deliberate errors. Unauthorized persons-based risk is most likely involved in the risk of possible loss which can be resulted in the possible breaches of security and misappropriation of assets and information. The nature based risk is involved in the risk of possible loss which is resulted from the geographical disaster or meteorological conditions. Type of Risk What are the different types of risksThere a number of differing types of risk that can affect the household electrical appliances company in today’s business environment. One of the risks is unintentional error. Unintentional error is the error which is related to the inadvertent mistake and erroneous actions attributable to the bad judgement in decision making, ignorance and inattention. The unintentional errors that happened through computerized systems are always at of risk power failure of the computer, viruses attack and end up with losing the important information of the company such as financial documents. Furthermore, problems with computerized system could lead to a standstill in usage of the database. When the household electrical appliances company is focus and reliant on the accounting information system, the unintentional error due to the power and computer outage could lead to a work disruption. Work disruption can disable the input of the information of the com pany can access to the stored information. Additionally, if the data is not backed up properly, the company will end up lost its important data. Risk such as deliberate errors can cause the company with the bad and serious implications. According to Tony Boczko 2007(pp. 682), deliberate errors can be explained as the conscious erroneousness and incorrectness whose occurrences are designed to damage, destroy and defraud a person, group of persons and organization. Such errors are intentional and premeditated. What if there is ‘someone’ else hosting its precious and valuable data‘Someone’ refers to the hacker. Hacking is the illegal action which involved in gaining unauthorized access to the company accounting information system to steal and get the data illegally. The big news of the hacking system is NASA’s system. ‘In 2002, Gary McKinnon was arrested by the UK’s national high-tech crime unit, after being accused of hacking into NASA and the US military computer networks.’ (BBC NEWS, 2006) Besides that, the hacker ‘The hacker has also denied that he had made Washingto n’s computer system inoperable, although he did admit he may have deleted some government files by accidentally pressing the wrong key’. (Jo Best, 2005). Deliberate errors brought a serious implication to the company. Besides that, natural disaster is also counted as the serious type of risk in today’s business environment. ‘A natural disaster is the effect of a natural hazard (e.g., flood, tornado, hurricane, volcanic eruption, earthquake, or landslide). It leads to financial, environmental or human losses. The resulting loss depends on the vulnerability of the affected population to resist the hazard, also called their resilience’. (Wikipedia, 2011) As a household electrical appliances company, if it is suffered from the natural disaster such as floods. Floods can destroy drainage computer system and cause the raw sewage to spill with water. Besides that, building and company’s equipments can be also damaged due to the floods. It will lead to the catastrophic effects on the environment as the toxic such as gasoline will be released and caused pollution. Floods can cause a huge amount of money losses to the business. Type of Security Threats In today’s business environment, there are many computer frauds and computer crimes through computerized accounting information systems. Fraud can be defined as ‘deceit, trickery, sharp practice, or breach of confidence, perpetrated for profit or to gain some unfair or dishonest advantage. In the broadest sense, a fraud is an intentional deception made for personal gain or to damage another individual’. You read "Advantages and Disadvantages of Accounting information systems (AIS)" in category "Essay examples" (Wikipedia, 2011) As a household electrical appliances company, the internal employees or managers as well as the shareholders can be also fraud through the computerized accounting information system. The information stored electronically can be manipulated and accessed if proper controls and security measures are not taken place. This will affect the operation of the business. Fraud such as account takeover is a serious activity which always happens in toda y’s business environment. ‘An account takeover can happen when a fraudster poses as a genuine customer, gains control of an account and then makes unauthorized transactions’. (Action fraud) The information of account holders such as credit card can be taken over by those fraudsters. Los Angeles attorney Christopher Painter said: â€Å"If you have an explosive growth on the Internet, you’re going to have this great huge growth in fraudulent conduct and crime committed over the internet.† (BBC NEWS, 1999) From this evidence, we can see that there is a security threat on today’s business through the computerized accounting information system. Fraudster can be sued if they found out by people. For example, ‘Bank of America and two of its former bosses have been charged with fraud for allegedly misleading shareholders during the takeover of Merrill Lynch’. (guardian.co.uk, 2010) There are few types of fraud, such as false billing, financial fraud, advanced fee frauds, identity theft and phishing. In false billing scam, the fraudster will send out a so-called invoice for a particular product or service that are never be ordered, fraudster hope that it will be paid for sure from the victim without any investigation. This activity usually happened in large business organization, it is because large business organization has a billing or payments system which used to pay the invoice of the company, fraudster sends out those fake invoices and hope that this will be unnoticed by the large business organizations. ‘Phishing is a way of attempting to acquire sensitive information such as usernames, passwords and credit card details by masquerading as a trustworthy entity in an electronic communication’. (Wikipedia, 2011) It is dangerous for today’s business operation, it is because instead of stealing the personal and business information, ‘phishers’ can affect the computer with the viruses and convince the victim in order to participate in money laundering. Another security threat is computer crime, according to Tony Boczko 2007 (pp. 691), he mentioned that computer crime can be defined as the deliberate action to gain access to, or steal, damage or destroy the computer data without authorization. Computer crime involves in the activity of dishonest manipulation of computer programs or computer-based data. It also involves in the fraudulent use/abuse of computer access and resources for personal gain. The types of computer crime such as the inappropriate use of corporate information systems, theft of computer and hardware, unauthorized access and information theft or the fraudulent modification of data and programs, system failure and premeditated virus infection and disruptive software. It is hard to define a computer crime; it is because computer crime is always and easily be happened in the business organization. People might think that fraud is also kind of computer crime. It is a wide context in security threats. As a household electrical appliances company, premeditated virus infection such as spyware, it gathers the users and client’s information and relays it to the third party such as advertisers. Spyware can monitor operation of the computer, scan the important information and files, snoop on the private applications such as chat programs. By reading the cookies and change the default web browser, spyware can consistently relaying the information from the database. It is dangerous for the business organization, because if their competitors spy into their programs and get the costs and type of materials of the electrical appliances as well as the client’s contact number, the business organization will be easily defeated by competitors. There is a latest issue about the Sony PlayStation Network which involved in the identity theft. ‘Up to 3 million Britons are believed to be among the 77 million users of Sony’s PlayStation Network, which has been hacked into by criminals who have stolen users’ personal information, possibly including credit card details’. (Charles Arthur and Keith Stuart, 2011) ‘Sony, which shut down the online games, movies and music delivery system last week after it was attacked by hackers, has said that although names, birthdates, e-mail addresses and log-in information were compromised for certain players, it has seen â€Å"no evidence that credit data was taken,† but â€Å"cannot rule out the possibility’. (Richard Newman, 2011) Security Strategies/Measures Due to the vulnerability of the computerized accounting information system, it is easy to be attacked by internal and external people of the business organization. It is necessary to implement some methods to solve the serious issues. According to American Institute of CPAs In order to protect the business organization from the attack of risk and security threats, , TOP Technology Initiatives Task Force, which is a group of the technologically astute members of the CPA profession and other technology professionals, collaborated in the AICPA’s Top Technology Initiatives project, seeking to identify the most important technology initiatives. The first method is enhancing the information security such as upgrade the hardware and software in order to protect the information systems from the security threats. Company should implement and upgrade the level of firewall which blocks the intrusion from the internet. Update the anti-virus programs with the logins of password and username to limit access. Besides that, company should hire the experienced network integrator to check whether it is work properly with the security patches. Additionally, company can have a security audit for the independent confirmation on the company’s financial data and client’s information. Through this process, business organization can be protected. The other method is disaster and business continuity planning. It is an activity which involves in the developing, monitoring and updating of the climate change, accident and other malicious destruction. It can prevent the business organization to loss their important information. It is because having the computerized accounting information system down for few hours or few days due to the natural disaster; could lead a bad impact to the profitability and liquidity of the business organization. So, business organization should plan and design a process to keep the system stable to prevent any losses. Control Procedure According to Tony Boczko 2007(pp. 729), he mentioned that the internal control which comprises the processes or procedures within a business organization designed to provide a reasonable assurance that business objective- primarily the maximization of shareholder wealth which can be achieved and those undesired events can be prevented or corrected. The internal control related to the management control. It can be defined as a diverse range of activities designed to conduct, direct and control business activities and ensure the consistency with corporate business objective. For example auditors, their role is to audit the business organization’s internal control policies, to assure that the control within the departments is under controls and adequate, it can help in control the financial statement to prevent the financial loss in order to achieve the mission of business organization. Furthermore, internal control such as risk assessment is also needed to be taken place in every business organization. It is an effective control procedure helps in protecting company. According to health and safety executive, the risk assessment, instead of creating the huge amounts of paperwork, but rather about identifying sensible measures to control the risks in the business organization. Risk assessment is help to protect people by putting in place measures to control those risks. As a household of electrical appliances company, risk assessment is a good starting point; manager can actually investigate and look for the hazard which may cause harm to the business organization. Furthermore, a critical thinking about how the accident could happen and who will be influenced could help in noticing and monitoring the risk. Once the managers identify the risk, it will be easily to control and put a suitable measure on it. Conclusion As a conclusion, accounting information system brings a lot of disadvantages to the organization in today’s business environment, but accounting information system combines the study and practice of the accounting with the concept of designing, implementing, controlling and monitoring the information systems. It also combines the modern information technology and the traditional accounting system to provide a better financial system to manage and improve the financial performance of the organization. How to cite Advantages and Disadvantages of Accounting information systems (AIS), Essay examples

In the Tragedy of Macbeth by William Shakespeare, one of more interesting theories is the theory of kingship Essay Example For Students

In the Tragedy of Macbeth by William Shakespeare, one of more interesting theories is the theory of kingship Essay In the Tragedy of Macbeth by William Shakespeare, one of more interesting theories is the theory of kingship, which is developed in Macbeth through the presentation of three men. These men are Duncan, Malcolm and Macbeth. Each of these three characters demonstrates the three different and interesting types of kingship, which evidently adds to the play Macbeth. In short, Duncan is a good man but a useless king, Macbeth rules according to the Machiavellian concept and Malcolms character emerges as a good man and a good king. Even before the second Forres scene act 1, scene 4, the point of Duncans downfall, we see that Duncan is a good man but an unskilled king. Duncan is a kind man because he openly and kindly greets his nobles with praise. However, he is a poor leader and hence king because in the first Forres scene act 1, scene 2 Duncan did not fight along with his soldiers. Some might say that this is necessary because Duncan is an old man; others may see this as a reason why Duncan should not be in power. When a king doesnt fight along side of his troops, it decreases their confidence and opens opportunity for a rebellion. Another reason Duncan should not rule Scotland is that he is too trusting in his nobles. Duncans absolute trust for the Thane of Cawdor nearly cost Duncan his life and country. As describe in the second Forres scene, Duncan makes this same mistake again in the Thane of Cawdor, who is this time Macbeth. During the second Forres scene, Duncan makes probably the most thoughtless speech he could have made. This speech in turn costs him his life. Three terrible mistakes appear in his speech and actions: he rewards unfairly; shows his emotions too freely; and again, he trusts too willingly. Duncan rewards Macbeth with the title and land of the Thane of Cawdor, as well he says that he will have greater rewards later in time, shown by the words I have begun to plant thee, and will labor to make thee full of growing. 1. 4. 28-29 While Macbeth gets many tangible gifts; Banquo simply receives a token of Duncans approval, an embrace. A good ruler should never reward unfairly, for the receivers may become jealous or conceded, and may even wish to over through the king. Secondly, Duncan cries half way through his speech. A good king should always control his emotions. This is because crying shows there is a weak king in power. These first two mistakes as a king seem fairly trivial, but telling who will be the next king, in turn trusting his noblemen too much, is a risk a good king should never take. We see the terrible consequences from Duncans fault in these words spoken by Macbeth: The Prince of Cumberland! That is a step On which I must fall down, or else oer-leap, For in my way it lies. 1. 4. 48-50 This simply means Macbeth realizes from Duncans speech that he must kill to become king. From this quotation we can see another fault in Duncans character; he doesnt learn from his mistakes. This conclusion comes from the fact that there are now two Thanes of Cawdor that have betrayed him. In contrast to Duncan, Macbeth doesnt trust any one. He decides to use the concept of Machiavelli to help him keep the crown. Perhaps Macbeths most cunning speech that demonstrates the concept of Machiavelli is the speech with Banquo just before Banqous death. It is amazing because Macbeth finds out all the information he needs to kill Banquo: how far hes going; if he will be at the feast for sure; and if Banqous son, Fleance, will be coming. Again using the Machiavellian concept, Macbeth plans to kill Fleance so no one will be left to seek revenge. Macbeth finds all this information in a friendly and unnoticeable fashion. .udb3566e8e3a08f3e771163e645f9b518 , .udb3566e8e3a08f3e771163e645f9b518 .postImageUrl , .udb3566e8e3a08f3e771163e645f9b518 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udb3566e8e3a08f3e771163e645f9b518 , .udb3566e8e3a08f3e771163e645f9b518:hover , .udb3566e8e3a08f3e771163e645f9b518:visited , .udb3566e8e3a08f3e771163e645f9b518:active { border:0!important; } .udb3566e8e3a08f3e771163e645f9b518 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udb3566e8e3a08f3e771163e645f9b518 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udb3566e8e3a08f3e771163e645f9b518:active , .udb3566e8e3a08f3e771163e645f9b518:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udb3566e8e3a08f3e771163e645f9b518 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udb3566e8e3a08f3e771163e645f9b518 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udb3566e8e3a08f3e771163e645f9b518 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udb3566e8e3a08f3e771163e645f9b518 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udb3566e8e3a08f3e771163e645f9b518:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udb3566e8e3a08f3e771163e645f9b518 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udb3566e8e3a08f3e771163e645f9b518 .udb3566e8e3a08f3e771163e645f9b518-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udb3566e8e3a08f3e771163e645f9b518:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: What is the Relationship between Men and Women in Othello EssayThe concept of Machiavelli, that Macbeth is using, seems to be a good way to rule, but there are three problems with his way of ruling: Macbeth has too many enemies to keep track of; he draws more attention to himself with every murder; and he cant live with his conscious. His conscious almost kills him and the other two problems kill him. Malcolm, Macduff and others escape Macbeths grasp after becoming suspicious of him and kill him in the end. Macbeths and Malcolms different approaches to ruling are similar in the fact that they are very planed out, but as we will see, Malcolm has the better way of rulingà ¢ â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬ a just and noble way. Malcolm possesses close to all the characteristics of a good ruler. One of the best characteristics he possesses, in direct difference to his father, is that he does not trust easily; the scene in England illustrates exactly this. When Macduff first comes to see Malcolm, Malcolm says; Macduff, this noble passion, Child of integrity, hath from my soul Wiped the black scruples, reconciled my thoughts To thy good truth and honour. Devilish Macbeth By many of these trains hath sought to win me Into his power, and modest wisdom plucks me From over-credulous haste: but God above Deal between thee and me. or even now I put myself to thy direction, and Unspeak mine own detraction, here abjure The taints and blames I laid upon myself, For strangers to my nature. Im yet Unknown to woman, never was forsworn, Scarcely have coveted what was mine own, At no time broke my faith, would not betray The devil to his fellow and delight No less in truth than life: my first false speaking Was this upon my self: what Im truly, Is thine and my poor countrys to command: Whither indeed, before thy here-approach, Old Siward, with ten thousand warlike men, Already at a point, was setting forth. Now well together; and the chance of goodness Be like our warranted quarrel. Why are you silent? 4. 3. 115-137 Malcolm lists five clever reasons why Macduff could be a traitor stated in this passage: Macbeth was once thought to be a good man just as once was Macduff, and Macbeth betrayed him; Macduff used to be very good friends with Macbeth; Macbeth was not harmed Macduff in any way; Macduff may gain titles through the death of Malcolm; and finally, Malcolms most genius theory is why would Macduff flee Scotland without his family if he thought Macbeth was after him? He later finds out that his family has been murdered when Ross tells him; Your castle is surprised; your wife and babes Savagely slaughterd: to relate the manner, Were, on the quarry of these murderd deer, To add the death of you. 4. 3. 204-207 Malcolms final speech shows a final good characteristicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ he rewards fairly; We shall not spend a large expense of time Before we reckon with your several loves, And make us even with you. My thanes and kinsmen, Henceforth be earls, the first that ever Scotland In such an honour named. Whats more to do, Which would be planted newly with the time, As calling home our exiled friends abroad That fled the snares of watchful tyranny; Producing forth the cruel ministers Of this dead butcher and his fiend-like queen, Who, as tis thought, by self and violent hands Took off her life; this, and what needful else That calls upon us, by the grace of Grace, We will perform in measure, time and place: So, thanks to all at once and to each one, Whom we invite to see us crownd at Scone. 5. 8. 60-75 By making all his Thanes and kinsmen earls, they are all rewarded and they will all act as their own guard dogs. If one earl wants to gain power, the others will shut him down. Throughout Macbeth, Duncan has shown that he is a good man and Macbeth has shown some key points a king should have. In the sight of restored peace, Malcolm demonstrates the kindness and nobleness his father had and the.

Monet Essays (618 words) - Claude Monet, Haystacks, Impression

Monet Over the years there have been many respectable artists but one of the most famous of these artists would have to have been French impressionist Claude Oscar Monet. Monet was born on Nov. 14, 1840 in Paris, France and started showing an appreciation for art at an early age. When he was nineteen Monet decided that he wanted to attend art school and soon after that he entered the studio of Charles Glegre. While he was there he met and worked with other respectable artists such as Frederic Bazille, Auguset Renoir, and Alfred Sisley. Monet began working outside with the invention of portable tubes of oil paint in the 1840s. Soon he began presenting his pictures of the outdoors sunlight with a direct sketch-like application of bright color. Many felt that would cut off any possibilities of him ever becoming a successful painter. Many of Monets paintings from this time are extremely loosely structured and the colors seemed to have been applied in strong, distinct strokes as if no II reworking had been attempted. This type of art seemed to suggest that the artist had captured the spontaneous impression of nature. This along with the fact that one of Monets first paintings was entitled Impression: Sunrise, the press began to label Monet and his colleagues the impressionists. In the early 1870s Monet and other Impressionists were in desperate need to sell some paintings so in 1874 they decided to appeal directly to the public and had the first of many Impressionist exhibitions. The shows lasted a month and although it drew a large crowd not many paintings were actually sold. As the years progressed so did Monets technique. By the mid-1880s he had achieved much recognition and he was also, finally, financially secure. At the fourth Impressionist exhibition in 1879, which took place in Paris, there was a huge turnout and for the time a profit was made. Although a profit had been made Monet decided not to display his work in the fifth Impressionist exhibition and instead he submitted two of his works to the Salon. After this move business picked up for Monet. The owner of the Salon, Georges Petit, purchased three of his III paintings and in 1880 he had his first one-man show. One year later Durand-Ruel signed a contract with Monet, which committed him to purchase a large number of paintings at regular intervals. After this Monet was able to create better paintings and he was also able to travel in search of scenes to paint. By 1890 Monet was finally able to purchase the house he had been renting for seven years and there he created a lily pond which included a Japanese bridge and was overhung with clumps of bamboo and willows. From this pond he began painting some of his most famous works. Although Monets eyesight was growing worse he still continued working on his water lily series and at the same time some of his other series works such as the haystacks, poplars, Rouen Cathedral, and the Seine River. Monet remained at his house in Giverny, traveling sometimes to find new scenes to paint, until his death in 1926. Monets artwork is some of the most desirable in the world and although it went through many different stages it is all still amazing. Although some artists of his time accused him of mass-producing art (his series work) just for commercial purposes many artists new feel that being able to make a series of a scene and still have all of the pieces have there own individuality and be so desirable was one of his greatest talents. English Essays

Working Towards a Cure for Cancer

Working Towards a Cure for Cancer Free Online Research Papers This article was about the how humans are working towards a cure for cancer. In recent years we have gotten closer and are still making a lot of progress. As quoted by George Demetri, â€Å"Cancer drug development now is where antibiotics developments was in the fifties.† T-cells are white blood cells that help the immune response. Now that we have made advances in blood bank technology, T-cell transfusions can finally be done. The T-cells are engineered using lentiviral vectors. The T-cells in patients are fixed so that they can fight the viral HIV and this has made a big step towards curing people. Antibodies are also used in Cancer Therapy. According to Donald Drakeman antibodies are the eyes and ears of the immune system, offering constant surveillance for viruses, bacteria, and other disease causing agents formed in the human body. Antibodies are Y-shaped proteins that use a ‘lock and key’ mechanism to attach to the antigens. The rest of an antibody can now be used to recruit other parts of the immune system to fight disease. The amount of monoclonal antibodies sales has gone up from zero to five billion dollars in a few years. The patients who also get MAbs are surviving longer and see less toxicity effects than previous treatments. Vaccines are being used for cancer therapy as well. The GVAX cancer vaccines are made from tumor cells that have been changed genetically to secrete granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), an immune system stimulating hormone. Cell Genesys is developing a pharmaceutical that can be injected into someone. This will put active immune cells in the body after injection. GVAX has also shown a median survival of 26 months compared to 18-19 months with chemotherapy. I believe that the findings in this article are valid. Just about everything that the author said was backed up with scientific evidence and/or results from surveys. An example of the quality of the evidence was when the author was talking about MDX-010. MDX-010 is currently in the third phase of clinical trials and on a study of 29 patients, two appear to have no cancer remaining while several more have had the cancer shrink. This just goes to show that when the author was stating facts, they were actually facts. I think that cancer research will have some positive and negative effects, but more positive effects. Some positive effects would be that we could possibly find a true cure to cancer so no one will suffer from cancer anymore. If these cures could be found then we would have made a huge step towards the future of the world. The only negative effects that I can see coming out of this research is some bad side effects. There also might be problems in the research. I think that humans will be affected by cancer therapy greatly, especially if we can actually find a cure for cancer. My reactions to this new research were great. I’m glad that there are newer and better ways to treat cancer and that people in the future won’t have to suffer from cancer if we find this cure. I think that we will be able to cure cancer eventually. Research has shown good results in recent years and I think that the good results will keep coming in, eventually leading to a cure. This new finding will definitely affect society for the better. Since people are leading more constructive lives, those people will be able to live longer and give more to the well being of the society. I think that the best way to inform people of new cancer research is by the internet. Cancer foundation commercials could also be used to inform people about cancer as well. I am sure hoping that this cure to cancer will be found so that people will stop suffering from cancer and can live a longer healthier life! Research Papers on Working Towards a Cure for CancerGenetic EngineeringEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenResearch Process Part OneThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationThe Fifth HorsemanArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Trailblazing by Eric AndersonMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use

Entrepreneurship assignment 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Entrepreneurship 2 - Assignment Example According to the recent phenomenon of the cosmetic industry, a growing interest has been witnessed for the herbal skincare products. Majority of global customers seek to prefer herbal skincare products due to its better effectiveness accumulated with insignificant side-effects than the other derivatives and chemicals used in the cosmetic products (Gediya, Mistry, Patel, Blessy & Jain, 2011). Emphasizing upon the various concerning areas and growing interest of the global consumers towards herbal products, the primary purpose of this report is to prepare an effective business plan to attain advantages in terms of growing opportunities in the herbal cosmetic industry. The proposed business plan will further aim to reflect a clear depiction of the business including its manufacturing of products and/or services, selling and marketing strategies, constructing of management groups and their roles as well as predictions of financial forecasts for a few years that the organization will perf orm. Brief Description of the Venture The proposed business plan is significantly prepared on the basis of sole proprietorship which can enable the entrepreneur to effectively control and manage each function performed within the firm. Notably, the financial benefit is the core factor of sole proprietorship where the owner can enjoy a large amount of monetary benefit from the venture. A sole proprietorship venture can also facilitate the marketer to independently make decisions towards the improvement of the overall processes executed within the organization. In addition, the entrepreneur, as the sole proprietorship can also obtain greater amount of secrecy concerning the organization’s current performance enabling the entrepreneur to possess greater flexibility concerning the operations and other required changes for better effectiveness. Mission Statement of the Venture The mission statement is a long-term and essential attributes which depicts the main purpose of the busin ess. In relation to the proposed business plan, the mission statement of the venture will be focused on revealing the effectiveness of herbal products and its importance to nourish and serve the potential customers. In accordance to this mission statement, the organizational process will further attempt to integrate the quality and effectiveness of its products over the long run. Primary Objectives of the Venture The primary objective of the venture is to obtain recognition as the most preferred and reliable company in terms of offering a wide range of herbal cosmetic products. Moreover, the objective of the venture will further extent to achieve a minimum growth of 10% of its potential customers in each month in the respective market. In addition, attaining the desired sales goals of AUD 100,000 in the first year and augmenting its annual sales around 15% in the 2nd year of the venture have also been considered as its primary objectives. Start-up Summary of the Venture The initial stage of the proposed business plan is focused on procuring raw materials, manufacturing different types of herbal cosmetic products and distributing them in different target markets. The start-up cost of the herbal cosmetics requires a large amount of finance in terms of procuring machinery, raw materials along with various types of

CSR and Ethics on Northern Bank Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

CSR and Ethics on Northern Bank - Essay Example CSR thought that leaders are not a homogenous group nor they do not even predict one of the evolutionary tracts for over the next decade. It is so interesting to speculate the way on how to prosper in future according to cultural view in the social welfare and social economic in relation to political changes within the company. Regulation of Executive and Shareholders of Northern Rock The regulations of the executives pay desirable because it has exposed the regulatory failings whereby the global official has responded with the regulatory fixes, including some that could have made a difference. It sounds so ethical that taking in to account the interests and contributions of the people who interact becomes the basis for ethical behavior and the governance. The shareholders are completely being divested by the ruling European company. They are in reality opting for fairness and justice in order for them to feel faithful in running the system of the business (Sims 2010). The regulation , including the rule of the corporations can be structured to reduce the impact on society and in their working place. The shareholders should have a democratic society which can be controlled the acceptable corporate behavior. There are factors that have made the vulnerable business collapse. For example, the northern rock rapid growth which has been fuelled by the aggressive of lending to dubious borrowers. Again, the tough new liquidity standards aimed at forcing the banks to hold some of the shares because of compensation from the banks. The rationale for the shareholders has not been beneficial from the sale of the bank, this is because of investors from the banks who have not favored the nationalism and then the judgment on the damage based on the economy. According to Joel Bakan puts that, â€Å"no one should seriously suggest that the individual should regulate themselves that the laws are against murder, assault and theft are unnecessary because of people are socially resp onsible (Nelson 2012). This shows that, corporate people who lack the whole world should be left free to rule them selves. The business case for the CSR in some parties is affected by the ability to create wealth for themselves and the community. It sounds so ethical that taking in to account the interests and contributions of the people who interact becomes the basis for ethical behavior and the governance. In business cases for CSR, it is essentially a strategic plan fort he firms which anticipates and address the issues associated with the interactions with others and also through out the business in their future endeavors. Deontology Theories of Corporate Social Responsibility According to the philosophers, Deontology simply means the theory of duties carried by people in an organization. Deontology theory entails the commitment, obligation and duties based on ethics. Kant argues that, people should act in the right way and must act to their duties. The motive, as in Kantâ€℠¢s view of ethics states that, it is right regardless of what the solution or the result is. One of the roots of the crisis in Northern Rock lay in the difficulties of the American sub prime market. Loans were provided to people because of their low income, or lack of assets, or the type of property being purchased, could not obtain a loan or mortgage. The fact to deontological theory is that,

Causes and effects pf the major strikes in USA between late 18th and Essay

Causes and effects pf the major strikes in USA between late 18th and early 19th century - Essay Example The essay will review major strikes that the United States history has seen and experienced. The review will be divided into three parts: first are major strikes from year 1875 to 1890 which includes Great Railroad strike 1877, Southwest railroad strike 1886, Haymarket riot 1886, and London matchgirls strike of 1888. Second are major strikes from year 1890-1900 which will include Right to unionize after a strike 1890, Homestead strike 1892, Couer d’Alene labor strike 1892, Bituminous Coal mine strike 1894, and Pullman strike 1894.Third are major strikes from the year 1900 to 1910 including Anthacite Coal Strike 1902 and New York shirtwaist strike of 1909. After providing an insight on the history of strikes, the essay will discuss the causes and effects of strikes as a whole. Great Railroad strike 1877: The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 was considered as the first major rail strike of the country. It paralyzed for a short time the countrys commerce and forced the governors in ten states to gather together 60,000 militia members to revive rail traffic. This happened when the salaries of employees from railroads were cut as a result of the Financial Panic in 1973. The workweek was also slashed from three to two days only. Violence then broke out in several states because of the strike (Digital History). Southwest railroad strike 1886: The so-called Great Southwestern Strike of 1886 paralyzed the railway lines in five states in USA when the unskilled and semi-skilled railroaders refused to work for their employer. This was a reaction to the ways of the railway â€Å"king† Jay Gould as being ruthless monopolist and destructive speculator when he slashed labor costs, exploited the laborers and cut wages without notice and discriminated employees. Violence has taken place which caused death and injuries. The strikers did not succeed and were divested of their jobs. However, a biracial alliance among the

Effects of the Environment on Organisms Primary Productivity

Effects of the Environment on Organisms Primary Productivity In this lab, samples of pond water were taken and measured using the Wrinkler and the Light and Dark bottle method in order to study the effects of the environment on primary productivity in organisms. The central purpose was to determine the effect of temperature on the amount of dissolved oxygen and photosyntehitic activity on primary productivity. The results from part A indicate that as temperature increases the amount of oxygen present decreases and the results from part B indicate that as the amount of photosynthetic activity increases the amount of oxygen present growths. For most organisms Oxygen is vital for cellular respiration. There is an abundance of oxygen in the atmosphere (about 200 milliliters of processes). Dissolved Oxygen is oxygen that is dissolved in water. In the aquatic environment there are only five to ten milliliters of DO in a liter of water. Dissolved Oxygen is required by all aquatic organisms. As water travels past an aquatic organisms gills (or other breathing apparatus), microscopic bubbles of oxygen gas in the water, called  (DO), are moved from the water to their blood.  At  low dissolved oxygen levels called hypoxia animal growth or reproduction can be damaged while the complete lack of oxygen called anoxia will kill animals. Also most algae, macrophytes, and any chemical reactions important for lakes require oxygen to survive. The Wrinkler method is used in this lab to measure the amount dissolved oxygen. The procedure includes the addition of alkaline iodine and magnanous sulfate to a water sample. From that manganous hydroxide is produced and upon acidification is changed to a manganese compound by oxygen in the sample. Immediately, the compound reacts with the iodine to release iodine which changes the water color to yellow. The amount of free iodine is equal to the amount of oxygen in the sample. The amount of iodine is measured by titration with sodium thiosulfate until the sample loses the yellowish color. The methods precision rate is 0.1 to 0.6%. The general question for part A of the lab involves the effect of temperature on dissolved oxygen . The hypothesis predicts that the relationship between temperature and dissolved oxygen will be an inverse relationship. So as the temperature increases the amount of dissolved oxygen will decrease. Five major gases that all have biological and physiochemical similar but differ in behavior and origin are dissolved in aquatic environments. The most important are nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. Oxygen takes up about 21% of the atmosphere and nitrogen 78%. Water vapor takes up to 3% in volume. Most gases follow Henrys law that states that at constant temperature the amount of gas absorbed by a given volume of liquid is proportional to the pressure in atmosphere that the gas exerts. An exception is Carbon dioxide which may combine with numerous cations while entering natural waters to become more abundant than what the principle of Henrys law dictates. It can be found in both combined and free states. The amount of atmospheric component can be found dissolved in an aquatic environment can be predicted with the following formula: C= K*P where C equals the concentration of the gas that is absorbed, K equals the solubility factor, and P equals the partial pressure of the gas. Temperature is one factor that can influence the amount of oxygen dissolved in water. Waters capability to hold oxygen lowers as water becomes warmer. Warmer water becomes saturated more easily with oxygen. This effect of temperature on DO results in a seasonal wavering of DO in a body of water. Wind also mixes oxygen into the water as it blows across the surface. Oxygen decrease can be so severe enough on windy nights to kill fish. Another factor that affects dissolved oxygen is photosynthetic activity. Aquatic plants are capable of producing more oxygen in bright light. So during night when photosynthesis cannot balance the loss of oxygen through decomposition and respiration, the amount of DO could gradually decrease. Also the amount of DO could differentiate with the lake depth. More oxygen is produced near the top of the lake which is most exposed so that photosynthetic activity can occur from the sunlight. Oxygen consumption is also great along the bottom of a lake, where sunke n  organic  matter accumulates and decomposes. The amount of DO is lowest before dawn when photosynthesis continues. In addition, Microbial processes consume oxygen as organic material decays. Waterfalls, rapids, and wave action all aerate water and increase oxygen concentration. Salinity is the content of dissolved salts in water. As temperature and salinity increase the solubility of oxygen in water decreases. Partial pressure of oxygen in the air above water also influences the amount of DO in water. At higher elevations, less oxygen is present because the air is less dense. Because the air is less dense, it contains less oxygen. Seasonal changes can affect the DO concentrations. Warmer temperatures during summer speed up the rates of photosynthesis and decomposition. When growing season comes to an end and all of the plants die, their decomposition results in heavy oxygen consumption. Also seasonal events, such as changes in lake water levels, volume of  inflows  and   outflows, and presence of ice cover, also cause natural variation in the amount of DO. The general question for part B of the lab is the effect of photosynthetic activity on primary productivity. The hypothesis states that as the amount of light increases the more oxygen will be consumed, showing a direct relationship between photosynthetic activity and primary productivity. Primary productivity is the rate at which plants and other photosynthetic organisms produce organic compounds in the ecosystem. Only organisms that have photosynthetic pigments can use sunlight to produce new organic compounds from inorganic substances. The basic equation of photosynthesis is: 6Co2+6H20à  C6H12O6+6O. This equation says that green plants consume carbon for carbohydrate production from the carbon dioxide in H20 or in air. A measure of oxygen production over time gives a method of finding the amount of carbon that has been bound in organic compounds over a period of time. For each millimeter of oxygen produced about .535 milligrams of carbon has been integrated. Primary productivity can be measured by the rate of sugar formation, the rate of oxygen production, and the amount of carbon dioxide used. Measuring dissolved oxygen can gauge primary productivity in an aquatic ecosystem because oxygen is one of the most easily measured products of both respiration and photosyn thesis. The method of measuring the rate of oxygen production is used in this lab. The light and dark bottle method is one method of measuring the rate of oxygen production. With this method, the DO concentrations of samples of lake, ocean, samples of laboratory algal cultures, or river water are measured and compared before and after incubation bottles in light and darkness. In the lab the light and dark bottle method is used to measure the amount of oxygen in The amount of oxygen that the organisms in the bottles are consuming is indicated by the difference between the measurement of DO in the initial and dark bottles. The biological processes of photosynthesis and respiration are occurring in the bottles exposed to light so the change over time in DO concentration from the initial concentration measures net productivity. Net productivity is the organic material that remains after photosynthetic organisms in an ecosystem have used some of these compounds for their cellular energy needs (cellular respiration). Gross productivity is the entire photosynthetic produc tion of organic compounds in an ecosystem. It is the difference over time between amount of DO in the light bottle and the dark bottle. Materials Pond water 2 Bulbs: Sylvania Gro-Lux F40/GRO/AQ/WS/RP 40W A8/8a Tank Masking tape Carolina Lab 12: Dissolved Oxygen and Aquatic Primary Productivity kit 8-station 74663DA Aluminum Foil Aquaculture aquarium pump MK1504 Thermometer Rubber bands Tank 2 dirt stones Methods Begin part A of the lab by filling three of the bottles with samples of water in the three different temperatures given. With the procedure given, determine the DO of each sample and record the values. Record the values with the class data and then enter the class means in the table. Graph both the lab group data and class data as a scatter plot and draw the line of best fit. Begin part B of the lab, on the first day get seven BOD (water sampling) bottles. Fill all the bottles with the algal or lake water sample given. The water samples in this experiment are from the Green Hope High School wetland. The alga was kept under light for 24 hours a day until January 3rd. The solution then was strained until microscopic colonies of algae were existent. On January 18th, the tank was drained and 20 liters of H2O was used to dilute the solution. For one week, 6 tubes of algal growth were administered to the solution Take caution not to leave air bubbles at the top of the bottles. Label the cap of each bottle with measuring tape. Mark the labels as follows: I ( for initial, D (for dark), 100%, 65%, 25%, 10%, and 2%. Determine the DO for the Initial bottle now. Record this value. Record the class Initial bottle mean. The Initial amount of DO is the DO that the water has to begin with. With aluminum foil, cover the Dark bottle so that no light can enter. No photosynt hesis can occur in this bottle therefore the process of respiration by all of the organisms present will be the only thing that changes the DO. Plastic window screens will stimulate the attenuation of natural light that occurs because of the depth in a body of water. Wrap screen layers around the bottles in the following patterns: 100% light- no screens. Wrap; 65% light- 1 screen layer; % 25 light- 3 screen layers; 10% light- 5 screen layers; and 2 % light- 8 screen layers Make sure to cover the bottoms of the bottles to keep light from entering there. Use clothespins or rubber bands to keep the screens in place. Put the bottles on their sides under the bank of lights. Make sure to turn the bottles so that the labels are facing down to keep from preventing light from getting to the contents. Leave the bottles overnight under constant illumination. On day two of part B, determine the DO in all the bottles that were under the lights. Record the DO of the Dark bottle. Calculate the respiration rate using the formula in the table. Record the other bottles in another table. Complete the calculations to determine the gross and net productivity in each bottle. Follow the Wrinkler method. Fill the water sampling bottle. Add eight drops of Manganous Sulfate Solution. Add eight drops of Alkaline Potassium Iodine Azide. Cap and mix the bottle. Allow the precipitate to settle. Use the 1.0 g spoon to add Sulfuric Acid Powder or 8 drops of Sulfuric Acid. Cap and mix until reagent and precipitate dissolve. Fill the test tube to the 20 mL line. Fill the titrator with Sodium Thiosulfate. Titrate until the sample color is pale yellow. Make sure to not disturb the titrator. Add 8 drops of starch indicator. Continue titration until blue color disappears and the solution is colorless. Read result in ppm Dissolved Oxygen. (College Board, 2001) Equations and Calculations L= Initial Bottle, L= Light Bottle, D= Dark Bottle L-I= Net Productivity I-D= Respiration L-D= Gross Productivity Average= Sum of the values from each group/# of groups Results This table showed the group and class average for par A of the lab. The class average is calculated from table 2. The data shows the dissolved oxygen concentration at the cold, room, and warm temperature. The graph shows class data from table 2. The line of best fit shows the decreasing overall trend in dissolved oxygen. As shown by the line as the temperature increase, the amount of DO decreases. This shows the group for part B of the lab. The DO, gross, and net productivity are shown. The gross productivity was found by calculating the DO of the light bottle minus the DO of the dork bottle. So the Gross Productivity of 0 screens and 100% light is 20.0-0.0 which equals 20.00. The Net productivity was found by calculating the light bottle minus the initial bottle. So the net productivity of 0 screens and 100% light is 20.00-8.2 which equals 11.8. The gross and net productivity must be calculated per day so the gross and net productivity calculated form the data had to be divided by two. The table shows the DO concentration of the class. The average DO is calculated by adding all eight of the groups DO and then dividing by eight. Class Gross Productivity Similar to the net productivity, the gross productivity was calculated for two days and needs to be for one day. Each gross productivity of each group was divided into two, and then the average of the eight groups gave the class average of gross productivity for each bottle. Graph 2 The graph shows that as the number of screens increased the DO decreased. Next, the net productivity was calculated from the DO values from chart 5. Because the DO was accumulated over a period of two days the net productivity must also be divided by two. Graph 3 The graph shows that the more screens there were the less DO was present. The screens obstructed light so the more screens there were the more light that was obstructed. The respiration rate was calculated by calculating The DO of the Initial bottle minus the DO of the Dark bottle. So the respiration rate for the group data was the original value of Initial dissolved oxygen divided by 2 minus the DO of the Dark bottle, so 8.2/2 is equal to 4.1-0.0 which is equal to 4.1. The results were accurate because the average was derived from four different groups for part A and eight different groups for part B, performing the same experiments. There was expression for variability because the temperature among the groups were not exactly the same and the sources of error may have led to unwanted variability. Conclusion The results from part A support the hypothesis predicting that the relationship between temperature and dissolved oxygen would be an inverse relationship. Graph 1 shows that as the temperature increases the amount of DO decreases. The results from part B prove the hypothesis which states that there is a direct relationship between the amount of light an organism receives and the amount dissolved oxygen present. Graphs 2 shows that the more screens there were to obstruct light, the less the net productivity of DO there was. The net productivity shows the change over time in DO concentration from the initial. The results proved to be accurate and effectively showed the effects of temperature and light on dissolved oxygen. An error that occurred in the lab was that the bulbs were placed parallel to the tray which caused the light intensity to be varied affecting the amount of DO. Also the bottles may have been shaken while being filled allowing additional oxygen to enter. A third error could have been that the Winkler test may not have been performed quickly enough which maybe have allowed the temperature to be changed in the warm and cold bottles. This maybe have affected the amount of DO present. Also the dark bottle may not have been covered completely allowing light to be absorbed. This would also have affected the amount of DO. The cap may not have been screwed on all the way allowing oxygen to leak, affecting the DO. One improvement could be to place the bottles parallel to the tray so that each bottle receives the same amount of light. Another improvement could be to allow the DO to only accumulate for one day rather than for two. One possible extension is to measure the amount of DO produced at various depths in a lake. Another extension is to measure the affect in dissolved oxygen production if algae is supplied with nitrates and/or phosphates. Work Cited Biology lab manual for students,  2001,  New York: College Board Campbell, N.A., Reece, J. B., Mitchell, L.G. (1999).  Biology (5th ed.). Menlo Park:  Benjamin/Cummings. Dissolved Oxygen. (2007, December 7).  Retrieved from Water on the Web website:  http://www.waterontheweb.org/under/waterquality/oxygen.htm Dissolved Oxygen Water Quality Test Kit. (n.d).  Retrieved from LaMOTTE COMPANY website:  http://www.lamotte.com/pages/common/pdf/instruct/7414.pdf The Flow of Energy: Primary Production to Higher Trophic Levels. (2008, October 31).  Retrieved from University of Michigan website:  http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/kling/energyflow/energyflow.html

The Dysfunctional Family of Shakespeares King Lear Essay -- King Lear

The Dysfunctional Family of King Lear      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the reasons why Shakespeare is so thoroughly read today is because of his ability to portray human nature so accurately through his characters.   Shakespeare's play, King Lear shows us that humans are treacherous and selfish.   We can also relate to the play because of the family issues that Shakespeare incorporates throughout the work.   Lear's family is definitely a dysfunctional one.   However, the disrupted family unit is the basis for the play's tragedy.   The Contemporary Guide to Literary Terms defines tragedy as "a piece of writing that inspires fear or pity, through which the audience/reader experiences catharsis" (a purging of emotions).   Tragic plots should have a clear beginning, middle and end that all involve the protagonist in some way.   It is essential in this play for King Lear to have serious family problems in order for him to become a tragic hero.   The whole premise of the plot is based on his conniving daugh ters (with help from Lear's ego).   These family problems turn Lear into a tragic hero.   Much the same could be said about Gloucester, which will also be examined in this paper.      It is universally agreed that the primary source for the story of King Lear and his daughters was the anonymous earlier play known as The True Chronicle History of King Leir (usually abbreviated to King Leir or just Leir), which was not published until 1605 but was probably performed in 1594 or earlier (Thompson, 13).   Shakespeare's King Lear is a detailed description of the consequences of one's man actions, and the behavior of his family.   Lear is the king of England in this play, who decides to distribute his kingdom amongst his three daughters... ...otagonist in the work who suffers great emotional and physical pain, which the reader/audience can identify and sympathize with.   This hero must also suffer and/or die, which is unacceptable but inevitable.   King Lear is such a hero, the result of both egocentrism and family problems.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Works Cited Frey, C.   Experiencing Shakespeare.   Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1988. Granville-Barker, H.   Prefaces to Shakespeare.   London: B.T. Batsford INC, 1984. Halio, J.   The Tragedy of King Lear.   Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. Kimbrough, R.   Shakespeare and the Art of Human Kindness.   NJ: Humanities Press   Ã‚  Ã‚   International, 1990. Thompson, A.   King Lear Criticism.   NJ: Humanities Press International, 1988. Vickers, B.   Appropriating Shakespeare.   New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993.   

Patriot Movie Review

The Patriot In theaters on June 30, 2000. Directed by: Roland Emmerich Written by: Robert Rodat Main Characters in the movie: Mel Gibson as Benjamin Martin, Heath Ledgar as Gabriel Martin, Tom Wilkinson as Lord General Cornwallis, & Jason Issac as Colonel William Tavington The film is rated R for strong war violence. Summary: It is 1776 when the Revolutionary War began between the American Colonists and the British soldiers. The main character, Benjamin Martin, is a veteran of the French and Indian war who wants independence from Britain, but is not willing to risk the safety of his already motherless children by going to war.It was the British who had killed his wife and he did not want to put his family in danger as he did so once before. However though he forms a militia and goes around looking for people in the colonies who are willing to fight against the â€Å"red coats† which are the British because he knew it had to be done. He did not approve of his oldest son Gabriel joining the Continental Army but Gabriel wanted to so bad that he went behind his fathers back to sign up anyway. This caused problems for him because they found him and threatened him on his own land.Benjamin Martin helped wounded soldiers both from the American side & British side and because of that he was viewed as a traitor to many people. The killing of his son when the British came to his home caused him to react and want to go to war with them. The Americans and British went to war and there was a lot of loss of American soldiers and the French came to help them because they disliked the British as well and tried to stop the British from trying to take over other places. After years in the war the Americans finally won and were able to pass the Declaration of Independence.Benjamin Martin had finally gotten even and killed Tavington because he killed both of his sons. Even though a lot of people died they were free at last from British control and that’s when good thi ngs started to happen for the Americans. Benjamin Martin ends up falling in love with his dead wifes sister & protects his family. He is truly considered a hero because if it weren’t for him then the Americans would have never taken it upon themselves to fight against the British. The colonies became united and it was just the beginning of a good period of time.The Patriot is a wonderful movie that not only has action and romance, but it has an important meaning. It gives us an outlook on the events that took place long ago that eventually led to our independence and the states uniting. Without it we probably wouldn’t have been the United States like we are now and it might have been longer before we would have been free from the British. I would definitely recommend everyone to watch this movie because you will definitely enjoy it regardless of your age or interests. Historical Accuracy: In the movie, the Continental Congress extends an order to slaves stating that if they serve 12 months in the Colonial Army, they would be granted their freedom and be paid 5 schillings per month served. The Congress never extended such an order in real life. – Benjamin Martin sends his children and his family friend to a slave colony after their plantation is burned down. Martin's family is welcomed into the colony and there is much celebration at their coming. Although a few slave colonies existed, they were very secluded and most likely would not have taken kindly to a group of white plantation owners looking for shelter.

Human Motivation essays

Human Motivation essays In some ways, U.S. business has come a long way from the "leave your brain at the gate" era. Supervisors can no longer get by with saying "Do it because I said so," and executivessome of them at leastexpect input from their managers, and reward them for providing it. After the introduction of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs in business schools, there was at least an awareness that modern people are motivated by lots besides fear. Understanding the bases of motivation has done a lot to change the way companies reward their employees. At MRI Center, motivation is expected to be intrinsic to a great degree, because it is an organization employing mainly professionals in their fields. But there is always room for reward and encouragement, and MRI Center provides both. Relationship of human needs to motivation Survival needs are being met by paychecks, and they are not otherwise addressed at MRI Center. But social needs play a role in some of the rewards. "To belong and be accepted by others" is the core definition of this need. (Thinkers, 1999) In the workplace, that means that man as a social being' wants to belong to more than just the company as a whole; belonging to a specific work group is also not only necessary in terms of getting the work done, but desirable in terms of fulfilling employee needs and thereby motivating them. One of the group's employees may belong to is a mentoring group. This helps both old and new employees. Many workplace gurus have recommended a formal program of mentoring. One believes that " coaches' can do a better job helping employees build careers within the company than the employees' managers, who are too busy handling technical issues." (Scheier, 1997) Whether or not career building is enhanced, MRI Center new employees like to know there is a volunteer' to whom they can bring bo...

The History of the IRA essays

The History of the IRA essays Northern Ireland has been plagued by bloody and virtually ceaseless violence for the better part of the last hundred years. The conflict in Northern Ireland is a combination of religious strife between Catholics and Protestants, nationalism versus colonialism and a search for a true Irish identity that has been elusive since the colonization of Ireland in 1603. Republicans in Ireland seek a unified Ireland, one that is free from the imperialistic hands of the British crown. In hopes of achieving this goal, the Irish Republican Army has waged a violent and bloody campaign against both Protestant unionists in the North and the English themselves. From 1920 until 1998 the IRA methods of terror instilled fear in the people of Northern Ireland while the division within its population grew deeper. The Belfast Agreement of 1998 represents the most promising opportunity for a peaceful political resolution and an end to IRA violence in Northern Ireland because the recent approach towar ds peace contrasts the approaches taken in previously failed attempts. The process of politics in Northern Ireland bears the scars of long years of violence. The republicans, unionists and the British have all suffered high casualty rates from political and religiously motivated aggression. During the eighty or so years of violence there have been only two respectable attempts to establish a platform of peace that would satisfy each of the three key actors in this conflict. Each of these moves for peace crumbled because they were constructed on a weak and susceptible foundation. As Irish history demonstrates, reaching a peaceful solution will require a foundation that satisfies the needs of all those involved. Politics in Northern Ireland has never been a process. There, politics has been a zero-sum game with all the spoils going to the victors, with a huge dose of fatalism and frustration residing with the vanquished (Arthur & Jeffe...

Movie review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

Movie review - Essay Example car crashing in the start of the movie while she was driving to get her son from the center, I was eagerly looking forward to what kind of a woman she was. However, unfortunately but yet interestingly, I found out how gruff she was when I listened to her â€Å"hello† over the phone call in the car crash scene. She was very non-sexy yet elegant in her own style. Moreover, when she was in the center where she had to take the custody of her son Steve, she was in conversation with the governess or the headmistress whosoever she was. That woman was a normal looking, kind lady. Die also got into harsh conversation with her. I can tell that because she was not talking nicely with her, and her body language showed how irritated she was. However, when she received her son and the two were walking down the street, Die kissed him on the cheek and forehead which showed that she had that kind of a heart that is stereotype of a loving mother. Die showed her fondness toward her son through these gestures no matter how harsh she herself was. Later on, I saw her with her son resting his head on her lap. This was very interesting for me, and I could see a totally different woman inside the embodiment of a strong and sturdy man-ish character. This different woman was a bit kind, gentle, loving and affectionate. Die smiled at that point like a normal, fragile lady. She talked to her son like a good communicative mother. This shows that man is a versatile creature who can act and react in a myriad of ways, depending upon his moods and the circumstances. For me, Die is a strange and creepy character because I am not able to figure out properly in which category of human nature I should fit her in. She is harsh but gentle, non-se xy but fragile, all at the same time. Hence, the mother and her son walking toward their home was the most interesting sequence for me as it helped me reveal different aspects of Die’s nature as a human being and as a mother. Although the whole movie was

Interpreting Financial Results Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Interpreting Financial Results - Essay Example l turnover reduced in the year 2011 and 2012 .The working capital ratio also reduced in the year 2013.This ratio indicates the extent to which, the working capital has been utilized in the creation of sales revenue. This is computed by dividing the total number of the days by the inventory turnover. ITT Co.s average inventory processing period increased in the year 2011 and 2012.However, the ratio slightly reduced in the year 2013. This is the sum of the inventory-processing period plus the average revenue collection period. Boeing Co.s operating cycle improved from 2011 to 2012 but then deteriorated significantly from 2012 to 2013. Average Payables Payment Period is the period the company takes to pay its creditors. The payment period is computed by dividing the total number of payables by payable turnover ratio. ITT Co.s average payables payment period reduced in the year 2011 and 2012 (Bruce, 2009).Additionally, the ratio also reduced in the year

Christians and War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Christians and War - Essay Example Theorists' points of view concerning War are also highly influential in this research and Thomas Aquinas is one of the theorists whose ideas about War can be found within the compiled pages. The conclusion demonstrates that War is not ever pretty nor is it wanted by anyone but there are times where moral obligation and intervention to protect others rights are necessary and of which can lead to a period of War in the world. The finality is the fact that War is an actual part of life and has been occurring since the biblical times and therefore the only thing that society can morally do is come to accept that it is an occurrence that will always be looming in the background of everyday existence. War, from a Christian perspective has to meet many moral principles in order for it to be justified. However, Vance's1 literary work (2005) defines the fact that for centuries Christians have been opposed to war under any form or even when there has been proof that there are legitimate reasons for it. Of course this is only one theologians point of view, others such as Father Webster of the Orthodox faith and Professor Darrell Cole have stated in the past and currently that there is a moral justification found in some acts of war and they both agree that the war in Iraq is one prime example for a Christian justification for the entity of war to be accepted by Christians everywhere2. For instance, when Christians look back in time, back to the biblical period it can be seen that war was a part of life even when Jesus walked among the people. There were armies of soldiers in the name of Jesus Christ and the fighting that took place in this period was considered to be morally justified and pertinent to the Christian cause. Although there no longer exists armies of Christian warriors fighting to protect the knowledge of Jesus against the Roman Empire there are soldiers who fight in wars for countries who are bonafide Christians and fight for what they perceive to be morally right and with justified cause 3. Father Webster states that for some theologians to claim that war is not justified under any means and that Christians should always turn away from it is morally wrong due to the fact that soldiers can display Christian virtue and stating otherwise is derivative of a pacifist's view point4. This brings in the concept among many Christians titled the, "Just War Th eory," which as was mentioned is the main theorization put to use by those of a Christian following to try and determine the cause and justification for any war in present times and the past as well. The utilization of the Just War theory, of which this researcher agrees about as well, has been used to evaluate military actions for decades. The initial historical thinkers who first recognized this theory were wide and varied, some being Cicero, St. Augustine, St. Thomas Aquinas, Grotius, and Daniel Webster . As was stated it is a Christian based theorization which Christians and even non-Christians alike have utilized to determine

An Analysis of Jonathan Swift’s “A Modest Proposal” Essay Example for Free

An Analysis of Jonathan Swift’s â€Å"A Modest Proposal† Essay Satire as a form of discursive practice may be properly understood if it is contextualized within a particular culture, institution, attitude, or belief. It is only by placing the satire within a particular setting [as presented by the elements mentioned above] that a satire will garner the â€Å"non-linguistic components covering the preparatory preconditions necessary for the construction of satirical discourse† (Simpson 70). An example of the satire as a form of discursive practice is evident, for example, in Jonathan Swift’s â€Å"A Modest Proposal†. In the aforementioned work, Swift presents a situation wherein the persona of his text urges the population on acts of cannibalism in order to lessen the problems caused by Irish overpopulation. The persona starts his proposal with an initial description of his surroundings. He notes, â€Å"It is a melancholy object to those who walk through this great town†¦when they see the streets†¦crowded with beggers of the female sex, followed by three, four, or six children, all in rags, and importuning every passenger for alms† (Swift 52). It is important to note that such a description is characterized by the persona’s detachment towards his surroundings. Note for example, the manner in which a two senses of the concept ‘object’ is used. The aforementioned passage thereby portrays not only the persona’s ‘objective’ appraisal of his surroundings but also the persona’s ‘objectification’ of the individuals encompassed within that area. Such an objectification is further evident in the following passage: Some persons of a desponding spirit are in great concern about the vast number of poor people, who are aged, diseased, or maimed†¦But I am not in the least pained about that matter, because it is very well known that they are everyday dying, rotting, by cold, and famine, and filth, and vermin, as fast as can be reasonably expected. (Swift 56) The persona’s use of the two senses of object, in this sense, may be understood as a manner in which Swift portrays the irony evident in the context of the text. The irony is evident if one conceives of â€Å"A Modest Proposal† as a text which presents a delimited view of the world. As opposed to a satire’s ironic presentation of a particular situation [in fact an ironic portrayal of a particular mindset], humor, on the other hand, portrays the manner in which worldly interests are given more credence as opposed to lofty ideals. An example of this is evident in Samuel Beckett’s writings wherein Beckett focuses the text to the importance of existence [as well as the importance of the meaning of existence] in relation to the ordinary objects. As opposed to a satire which might present a bland ethnocentric perspective regarding racial discrimination, the emphasis on modern humor would be on the problematic construction of such concepts that enable racial discrimination to exist [e. g. opposition of black and white]. In line with this, Colebrook notes, â€Å"both irony and humor play off the gap between concepts and world† (241). The difference, however, lies in the difference of presentation noted above. Works Cited Colebrook, Claire. Irony in the Works of Philosophy. Nebraska: U of Nebraska P, 2003. Simpson, Paul. On the Discourse of Satire: Towards a Stylistic Model of Satirical Humor. Philadelphia: John Benjamin’s, 2003. Swift, Jonathan. â€Å"A Modest Proposal. † A Modest Proposal and Other Satirical Works. New York: Dover, 1996.

Socrates In Platos Apology Philosophy Essay

Socrates In Platos Apology Philosophy Essay In this essay I will discuss the character of Socrates as he is presented in the Apology, I will look at Socrates as a religious fanatic and an apostle of reason. I will provide an argument from my own personal stance that the character of Socrates in the Apology is a variation of both religious fanatic and apostle of reason. I will also make reference to Crito in order to strengthen my position that Socrates is indeed a religious man of reason. First I shall discuss the Apology and provide examples to strengthen my argument that Socrates is a man of religion and reason. Secondly I shall provide examples from Crito showing that Socrates is a moral and just philosopher. In Platos Apology, Socrates says to the jury that if they said to him, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Socrates, we do not believe Anytus now; we acquit you, but only on condition that you spend no more time on this investigation and do not practice philosophyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Socrates 29c-d, 2012), he would rather obey god than the men of Athens and practice philosophy as long as he is breathing. Socrates would continue to question the Athenian citizens about wisdom, truth, and the best state for ones soul, proving that wealth, reputation, and honor are not the most important things in life. According to Socrates, fulfilling his obligation to god is more important than what the law may tell him to do because in practicing philosophy, he is serving god. Be sure that this is what the god orders me to do, and I think there is no greater blessing for the city than my service to the god, (Socrates 30a, 2012). By sentencing Socrates, the men of Athens are mistreating gods gift to them because god himself a ttached Socrates to the city in order for him to question those he encounters. By teaching them about virtue and how important the soul is, Socrates shows them how to live the good life and live it well. As a result of Socrates being given to Athens as a gift from god to question the Athenians to enlighten them and bring about positive outcomes, he is entitled to disobey the courts verdict. If he was breaking the law and harming Athens it would be wrong and immoral, but because god sent him to do this duty, he must overcome every obstacle in his way to do so. There is no inconsistency between what he says in Crito about upholding the laws and never breaking them. What Socrates says in Platos Apology proves that he has found a common ground between reason and religion. Therefore, Socrates is both a religious fanatic and apostle of reason. Thus Socrates argument to continue practicing philosophy even if the men of Athens rule that he should not, is completely justifiable and moral. The Gods placed Socrates in Athens to act as a gadfly stinging Athens in order to wake up the lazy Athenian citizens. Socrates is acting as an apostle of reason and religious fanatic when he challenged the wise men of Athens. After receiving a prophecy from: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the god at Delphi (Socrates 20e, 2012), that he is the wisest of all men, Socrates concludes that he knows nothing so he mu st be the wisest in the sense that he knows nothing for sure. By challenging the wisest of Athens he follows the Gods wishes in a reasonable way. Through argument, question, and discussion, Socrates exposes false wisdom as ignorance which I argue is fulfilling his obligation to the Gods and reason. Socrates believed that he was following the gods plan for him; it was his moral obligation to question those who claim to be wise. As a philosopher one ought to act as an apostle of reason, whether it is to argue against the government to determine whether a law or idea is justified or completely wrong and determine through reason how to replace it with a new law or idea that has been proved to be correct. A Philosopher is a lover of wisdom which follows the obligation to cross-examine people in order to find out where or not that are wise or just ignorant. As a religious fanatic and apostle of reason Socrates attempted to teach people he argued with that instead of claiming to be wise and arguing for their ideas without reason along with claiming that any previous idea contradictory to theirs was wrong, one should be open to all objections because we are all truly ignorant. In the Apology, Socrates attempted to persuade people through argument and reason to question everything becau se not everything can be answered by saying, God did it. In order to strengthen my argument I shall refer to examples from Crito proving that Socrates is a variation of apostle of reason and religious fanatic. Socrates states that doing wrong to someone is wrong therefore it is immoral. Similar to the Apology, Socrates uses reason to prove his point. Escaping Athens and going against its verdict is disregarding the law, which is immoral and unjust. Socrates makes a connection between the laws of Athens and morals. By escaping, Socrates would be acting against the laws of Athens and disregarding everything he stood for up to this point. By fleeing, Socrates would destroy the citys laws and through the city, all of its citizens. This relationship between a citizen and the city is similar to the relationship between a parent and child. From the city, Socrates was brought to birth, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦was it not through us that your father married your mother and begat you? (Socrates 50d, 2012). Athens instructed Socrates father to get him an educa tion and made sure he was nurtured. Socrates cannot deny that he was brought up being properly educated and nurtured by Athens, therefore he cannot deny being an offspring and servant to it. Just like Socrates is on equal footing with his father, he must respect his superiors wishes. If his father scolded him or beat him, he would not do the same in return to his father because he is superior. From birth Socrates was taught to obey the laws of Athens like his parents did. The laws of Athens should be respected just as much as one does their parent. Your parents teach you what is right and what is wrong, thus it is immoral to disrespect or treat your parents poorly as it is them that have invested in you and raised you into the person that you are. Due to the fact that Socrates is an apostle of reason he cannot go against his parents actions/wishes, he cannot do the same even to Athens because Athens is more sacred than your mother and father and it is to be revered. Even if one feels the sentence was unjust, they should not do anything in return, according to Socrates No Harm Principle. This principle is one of the two fundamental principles needed for a city to function properly. It states, One should never do wrong in return, nor do any man harm, no matter what he may have done to you, (Socrates 49c, 2012). The other fundamental principle is the Just-Agreement Principle which maintains that when one has come to an agreement that is just with someone , they should fulfill it and not cheat on it. By leaving Athens, Socrates will break the Just Agreement Principle and be doing harm which goes against both his principles. If no one obeyed these principles, the citizens would no longer obey the laws and the city would not exist. By remaining in Athens and accepting death Socrates shows he truly loves and respects Athens. In death one will receive peace but if one were to flee and attempt to destroy the laws which hold Athens together, they will be judged harshly and have a rough welcoming in Hades, according to Socrates. Thus, Socrates believed it was always wrong to disobey the laws. According to Socrates the only rational and reasonable way is to accept the punishment given by the law, regardless of what it is. The objective of having laws in place is to teach virtue to those who inhabit the city. The rules which are implemented in the laws act as an outline for how to behave. The laws direct behaviour, censure, and praise in such a way that ensures that the citizens within the city will go after positive goals and partake in positive activities in order to keep the city secure. The fact that Socrates would rather stay in Athens and die rather than flee and love proves that he is an apostle of reason. I believe that by Socrates following through with his death sentence ordered by the Athenians, he proved that he is wise and he stood up for what he believes in. Socrates made a wise decision by refusing to escape and accept his death sentence. If Socrates would have decided to flee Athens to avoid hi s sentence he would not be an apostle of reason; Socrates would not have been able to get his point across. I will also argue that by remaining in Athens rather than escaping it solidifies my argument that Socrates is also a religious fanatic. The gods placed him in Athens for a reason and Socrates fulfilled his service for the gods until his last breath. Work Cited Plato . A PLATO READER: Eight Essential Dialogues Apology. Ed. C. D. C. Reeve. Indianapolis/Cambridge: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., 2012. 21-46. Print. Plato . A PLATO READER: Eight Essential Dialogues Crito. Ed. C. D. C. Reeve. Indianapolis/Cambridge: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., 2012. 47-59. Print.